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ARCHIVE NOTEBOOK / 02

About
the data.

Where our results come from, how we compare them and how we handle missing data.

01

One match, one record

When several sources described a match, we compared dates, teams and scores, then counted it once. Conflicting records were noted; unresolved dates and statistics were left empty.

02

What does a missing number mean?

A missing assist field was not treated as zero: some older assist records remain unavailable. Goal types follow the same rule. A number means a record was found; a dash means the field remains unknown.

03

When the played score and official result differ

League and club totals use official results. Awarded goals were not assigned a scorer or body part; shoot-out kicks were excluded from match goals. When played and registered scores differed, both were kept distinct and the relevant table identifies its basis.

04

Where the numbers and photographs come from

Data sources and calculation notes are collected here. Photo dates, authors and licences were recorded, and images were selected for both publication rights and historical relevance. Research access alone was not treated as permission to republish.

How we calculate the figures

We calculated win rate as wins divided by matches, and points per match as (3 × wins + draws) / matches. This common scale allows comparisons across eras without changing official historical points or deductions. Goal difference is goals scored minus goals conceded.

Standings retain official positions, awarded results and points deductions. We apply each season’s ranking rules and exclude penalty shoot-outs from goal totals.

Sources include the TFF, RSSSF compilers, OpenFootball (CC0), Wikidata player identities and available ESPN match records. Links and image credits are grouped below.

CURRENT POSITION

The archive is growing.

Our league comparisons cover seasons from 1959 onwards, with match completeness checked separately for each season. Fixture lists, official tables and player records offer different levels of detail across eras. Player appearance totals include only the matches we could verify. Each section shows its coverage and latest update.

There are no accounts or advertisements. Games and likes use a random browser identifier. Privacy and browser storage →

Sources and coverage limits

We reconciled scores and standings with official records, separated different clubs with similar names, and left unknown dates and statistics empty. Current scores and historical player records retain separate coverage.

DataSource usedTreatment
Standings and scoresTFF · RSSSF · OpenFootball · Faruky · Global Sports ArchiveWe preserved all 68 completed season tables and checked fixture completeness against club totals.
Current match statisticsESPN · FotMob81 full-time xG records use one FotMob series. Each analysis keeps a consistent provider for shots, passes and possession; provider definitions can differ.
PlayersTFF · 2008/09 · ESPN · National Football TeamsSeason records, detailed match profiles and earlier leader selections are separate. Missing players were not assigned zero goals or assists. The 2009/10 player list includes Ankaraspor matches before withdrawal; its player statistics are not equated with awarded standings.
Europe and national teamTFF · UEFA · FIFA · RSSSFWe distinguished rounds, extra time, shoot-outs and awarded results; shoot-out kicks were not counted as match goals.
Goal-type trendsTFF · Sporzip · 2020/21–2026/27We preserved nine verified TFF season breakdowns from 2010/11–2019/20 and added published league aggregates from 2020/21 onward, rather than treating leading players as the league total. Own goals are excluded from every season’s share denominator. One unclassified scorer goal remains in 2021/22. The current-season snapshot ends on 26 October 2026; own-goal totals remain unknown for 2020/21–2025/26. Current-season match events verify 226 scorer goals, including 20 penalties, plus nine own goals. A three-goal disagreement with the secondary source leaves the foot/header split unpublished.
Before and after VARTFF · 2018/19 · Işın & Yi · 2024 · Applied Sciences · 2025We compared 5,198 eligible regular-season games across two eight-season windows, excluding the 2011/12 play-offs and 32 awarded records. The pandemic sensitivity check removes all of 2019/20 and 2020/21. Before–after differences are descriptive, not causal VAR effects; comparable historical xG is unavailable.
Photos and crestsWikimedia Commons · TFF · clubsPhoto dates, authors and licences are retained. Club crests identify clubs; no open-licence claim is made for them.

Club coaches retain separate spells. For delayed cup finals, the trophy was assigned to the coach in charge on the final date, rather than at the start of that season.

The score archive contains 19,017 results. The modern individual-match layer contains 10,231 top-flight matches since 1994/95, while the separate cup archive contains 1,527 Turkish Cup matches. The club comparison itself covers every season since 1959, supplementing four incomplete fixture seasons with published standings; points use a common 3–1–0 rule.

Time leading, level and trailing uses the 90-minute score timeline. This is not effective playing time; stoppages were not measured separately.

Glossary definitions draw on IFAB for the laws, Opta for event classifications and Hudl StatsBomb for expected goals. IFAB · Opta · Hudl StatsBomb

Which data is available in each season? ↗

Title probabilities and schedule difficulty

How much confidence should we place in a title percentage?

We started with current points and estimated remaining fixtures from season form, recent league finishes and venue. We played out the run-in 100,000 times and calculated percentages from those scenarios.

These are not certainties. Injuries, transfers and squad quality are not explicitly measured, and reasonable models can give different percentages early in a season.

Results and chance quality

We based form on results and added a 10% xG contribution, using 81 matches through 26 October 2026.

We kept 90% of each observed form update on the actual result and 10% on the result score implied by match xG. Official points and scores stayed unchanged. We tested shot share and possession too, then left their coefficients at zero in the selected version.

We derived the xG result score as P(win) + 0.5 × P(draw), using independent Poisson goal counts. Eight blends were compared on strictly earlier match facts: 27 games for selection and 18 later games for comparison. The xG-only contribution improved on the earlier equal-feature blend, but results-only did better in the later slice. This small, already inspected sample does not establish championship calibration.

How did we use the past?

We used top-four finishes from the last five completed seasons, weighting recent seasons more heavily. Their influence and the pre-season Elo prior fade as new games are played. Promoted clubs use a short pooled entry prior learned from earlier promoted teams, rather than stale individual Elo.

Comparing Beşiktaş and Amed consistently

ClubPointsMean strength of opponents facedTitle chance
Beşiktaş181,5235.2%
Amed SFK201,5023.3%

We applied the same formula to both clubs. Results against stronger opponents entered the form rating; league position alone did not decide the estimate. No club-name coefficient or desired percentage was added.

Open formulas and comparison checks

Match strength combines season form with a fading historical contribution. We used a 65-point Elo home effect and shrank the draw rate towards the historical league rate. New simulated results update form; head-to-head and goal tie-breaks determine standings, with unresolved ties shared.

F = 1500 + [4 × prior + n × (form − 1500)] / (4 + n); L = 1.125 × ln(10) × (F−1500)/400 + 1 × capacity/(1+n/18).

Short chronological comparison of the process contribution this season: lower error is better. These matches have been inspected previously, so this is not presented as a fully independent test.

BlendFirst 27 · log lossLater 18 · log lossLater 18 · Brier score
xG, shots and possession · 10%1.02370.70880.3937
Results only1.02520.70210.3883
xG · 5%1.02380.70340.3895
xG-led blend · 5%1.02410.70450.3903
xG and shots · 5%1.0240.7040.3899
xG · 10%1.02240.70480.3906
xG-led blend · 10%1.0230.70690.3922
xG and shots · 10%1.02270.70590.3915

The base model also has historical-season comparisons. Without matching multi-season xG history, the new contribution’s championship calibration remains unverified.

Method references

We also compared Forepitch and Foresportia outputs on21–22October. Their dates and data coverage differed; those percentages were not targets for our model.

Forepitch · 2026-10-21

Foresportia · 2026-10-22

TFF · 2026/27 Süper Lig statüsü

TFF · Futbol Müsabaka Talimatı, Madde9

Hvattum ve Arntzen (2010) · Using Elo ratings for match result prediction

Dixon ve Coles (1997) · Modelling Association Football Scores

Opta Analyst · Football Predictions

2017 systematic review · environmental and match factors affecting running performance

MGM · Erzurum resmi iklim istatistikleri

Research on expected goals and predictive performance

Return to current title estimates ↗

League comparisons and match statistics

Form and league balance

Recent form uses each club’s last five dated league results, keeping official season points separate. No coefficient or title probability changes. For each completed single-stage season, three-point-standardized totals are 3×wins+draws. The top-four index is 100×(four largest totals / all totals)/(4 / club count); 100 means equal sharing. PPG spread is the population standard deviation of standardized points per game. Different team counts are normalized in the index; different schedules and formats still limit comparisons. The 1959, 1962/63 and 2011/12 multi-stage seasons are excluded rather than merged.

The research question follows CIES’s use of several competitive-balance measures; our normalized points index is an explicitly defined local calculation, not a replicated CIES international ranking. The goal-margin periods pool counts from source-reconciled seasons and retain their own coverage.

CIES Football Observatory · Monthly Report 40 · TFF · official standings and results

Inside the game: scope and calculations

Full-time xG for the entire current season is re-imported from one FotMob series; the previous Football-Data snapshot is preserved separately and is not spliced into the new series. Scores, teams and dates are matched to TFF. Main team tables use ESPN shots, passes and possession; this analysis page consistently uses FotMob attack metrics. Provider definitions can cause small differences.

Shot-location shares divide by all shots; box touches per 100 passes divide by total passes. Per-match metrics use pooled totals divided by covered matches. Penalty xG is total minus non-penalty xG; open play, non-penalty set plays and penalties sum to total within rounding tolerance. First/latest four-game net-xG windows are equal and non-overlapping; fewer than eight games produces no comparison. The late points metric subtracts 3–1–0 points implied by goals through minute 75 inclusive from final points. Stoppage-time goals belong to their half. Scorer shares reconcile actual player goals and own goals to team goals.

The form contribution now weights results 90% and xG 10%. The process blend was compared chronologically within this season; assessing long-run accuracy needs more seasons from the same provider.

FotMob · match statistics · ESPN · match events and players · Hudl Statsbomb · how xG models differ

Chances, points and the course of a match

For the xG-points comparison, each side’s goals follow independent Poisson distributions. We summed 3 × win probability + draw probability over the observed matches and compared that with actual 3–1–0 match points, excluding administrative deductions. Individual shot sequences, within-match dependence and score effects are absent from this simple calculation; the gap is not presented as deserved points or luck.

The transition matrix uses each goal’s recorded period, retaining first-half stoppage time in the first half. Every match enters one of nine cells once; each row percentage uses that half-time state’s game count.

Rankings and historical records

National-team rankings

We used the final published FIFA men’s list in each calendar year; the ongoing year uses its latest official list. The European position counts teams ahead of Türkiye among entries labelled UEFA in that same source list. It is not a separate UEFA national-team coefficient. Country counts and FIFA calculation methods changed over time, and the source’s current confederation labels may not reproduce historical memberships. Rank lines should therefore be read as archive positions, not a constant-scale team-strength score.

FIFA · Men’s World Ranking · FIFA · Türkiye history · FIFA · Calculation procedure

National-team history and results pace

The rolling series uses the match archive’s qualifiers, tournament finals and Nations League categories. We awarded 3 points for a win and 1 for a draw in each consecutive 10-match window, regardless of the historical points system. Friendlies, historical Olympics and the archive’s other competitions were excluded. The chart is a descriptive index, with no opponent-strength adjustment. It refreshes from the match archive during each site build.

TFF · 1923 · TFF · 1954 · TFF · National-team milestones

Club histories, crests and ranking history

The four club histories bring together founding stories, crest history and dated photographs. They are linked from club profiles and included in site search.

Ranking points use the annual five-season tables from 1999 onward. Competition ranks and ties are retained; absent entries remain missing. Best positions exclude the ongoing 2026/27 snapshot. The coefficient formula changed in 2004, 2009 and 2018; these are ordinal positions within each year, not a constant performance scale.

Historical references and image credits

Galatasaray

Galatasaray · historical reference 1

Galatasaray · historical reference 2

Galatasaray · historical reference 3

Galatasaray · historical reference 4

Fenerbahçe

Fenerbahçe · historical reference 1

Fenerbahçe · historical reference 2

Fenerbahçe · historical reference 3

Beşiktaş

Beşiktaş · historical reference 1

Beşiktaş · historical reference 2

Beşiktaş · historical reference 3

Trabzonspor

Trabzonspor · historical reference 1

Trabzonspor · historical reference 2

Trabzonspor · historical reference 3

Trabzonspor · historical reference 4

Trabzonspor · historical reference 5

bjk-1923.jpg · Tuğrul Yenidoğan' s archive · Public domain · Original image record · Public domain

gs-1923.jpg · The author, Cevat Çobanlı, died in 1938 · Public domain · Original image record · Public domain

gs-1913.jpg · The author, Cevat Çobanlı, died in 1938 · Public domain · Original image record · Public domain

fb-1914.jpg · Unknown authorUnknown author · Public domain · Original image record · Public domain

bjk-1910.jpg · EfsunAskeri · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original image record · CC BY-SA 3.0

ts-archive.jpg · User:Xonetik · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original image record · CC BY-SA 3.0

fb-1908.jpg · Yahya Kenan Bey, Musavver Muhit Mecmuası, 31 Aralık 1908 (18 Kânunuevvel 1324) · Public domain · Original image record · Public domain

gs-1923.svg · Unknown · Public domain · Original image record

ts-1920s.jpg · Unknown · Public domain · Original image record

bjk-1906.jpg · Beşiktaş JK archive · Historical club badge · editorial identification · Original image record

ts-1967.png · Trabzonspor trademark / 1000logos archive · Historical club trademark · editorial identification · Original image record

ts-1977.png · Trabzonspor trademark / 1000logos archive · Historical club trademark · editorial identification · Original image record

fb-1910.png · Fenerbahçe / Hikmet Topuzer · Historical club trademark · editorial identification · Original image record

ts-foundation-context.png · Trabzonspor Kulübü arşivi · Club archive · historical editorial illustration · Original image record

ts-early-team.png · Trabzonspor Kulübü arşivi · Club archive · historical editorial illustration · Original image record

Club badges remain their owners’ trademarks. Historical badge reproductions illustrate the design being discussed; no general redistribution permission is claimed.

UEFA · club coefficients

1998/99 · five-season ranking table

1999/00 · five-season ranking table

2000/01 · five-season ranking table

2001/02 · five-season ranking table

2002/03 · five-season ranking table

2003/04 · five-season ranking table

2004/05 · five-season ranking table

2005/06 · five-season ranking table

2006/07 · five-season ranking table

2007/08 · five-season ranking table

2008/09 · five-season ranking table

2009/10 · five-season ranking table

2010/11 · five-season ranking table

2011/12 · five-season ranking table

2012/13 · five-season ranking table

2013/14 · five-season ranking table

2014/15 · five-season ranking table

2015/16 · five-season ranking table

2016/17 · five-season ranking table

2017/18 · five-season ranking table

2018/19 · five-season ranking table

2019/20 · five-season ranking table

2020/21 · five-season ranking table

2021/22 · five-season ranking table

2022/23 · five-season ranking table

2023/24 · five-season ranking table

2024/25 · five-season ranking table

2025/26 · five-season ranking table

2026/27 · five-season ranking table

Section sources and calculations

1962/63 and1965/66 · historical table and score-matrix corrections

All 240 results from 1965/66 reconcile the games, wins, draws, losses, goals scored and goals conceded of all 16 clubs. The 1962/63 addition covers 220 matches in the two preliminary groups; championship and classification matches remain outside this selection. Dates stay blank where the day and month are unknown.

TFF · original scanned table and score matrix

TFF · original scanned table and score matrix

1962/63 score-matrix transcription · 1965/66 score-matrix transcription

Photo archive · credits and licences

A Millî Takım · Viyana, 29 Mart 2016 · Steindy (talk) 17:20, 30 March 2016 (UTC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

EURO 2008 · Kiel, 15 Haziran 2008 · Arne List (talk) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Kupa Galipleri Kupası · Sporting Müzesi, 2015 · Threeohsix · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

UEFA Kupası · Porto Müzesi · Threeohsix · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Cenk Tosun · Viyana, 29 Mart 2016 · Steindy (talk) 00:07, 11 April 2016 (UTC) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Gheorghe Hagi · fotoğraf arşivi · dan_avraham2000 · CC BY 2.0 · Original photograph

Ali Sami Yen Stadium · Istanbul · 2006 · tekinim · CC BY 2.0 · Original photograph

Bursa Atatürk Stadyumu · Bursa · 2010 · Jarosław Baranowski · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadyumu · İstanbul · 2009 · Bjørn Christian Tørrissen · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Futbol basınından · El Comercio, Lima · 7 Şubat 1904 · El Comercio · Lima, Peru · Public domain · Original photograph

Tugay Kerimoğlu · 2013 · Bursa Atatürk Stadium · Bursa CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Lefter Küçükandonyadis · 1958 · Harry Pot / Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Metin Oktay · 4 May 1958 · Harry Pot / Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Lig şampiyonu Bursaspor ile Türkiye Kupası sahibi Trabzonspor · Süper Kupa, 7 Ağustos 2010 · Myrat · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Alex, Fenerbahçe formasıyla · 15 Mayıs 2011 · Serkan YAKIN - antu.com · CC0 · Original photograph

1995/96 şampiyonu Fenerbahçe’nin golcüsü Aykut Kocaman · portre, 2014 · Ultraslansi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Hakkı Yeten · 1932 tarihli fotoğrafın renklendirilmiş görünümü · Bilinmiyor · Public domain · Original photograph

1988/89 kadrosunun önemli isimlerinden Rıdvan Dilmen · portre, 2009 · LuCKY · CC0 · Original photograph

Galatasaray–İstanbulspor · 13 Nisan 1934. Şehir ligleri döneminden bir maç karesi. · Cumhuriyet newspaper · Public domain · Original photograph

Lefter, Can Bartu ve Şeref Has · 1960. İlk Millî Lig yıllarının üç Fenerbahçelisi. · Fenerbahçe Tarihi Çalışma Grubu · Public domain · Original photograph

Fenerbahçe’nin Amsterdam deplasmanı · 1968 · Jack de Nijs for Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Fenerbahçe–Chelsea · Şampiyonlar Ligi çeyrek finali, 2 Nisan 2008 · Mark Freeman from Hornchurch, UK · CC BY 2.0 · Original photograph

Galatasaray’s 2011/12 championship celebrations · 13 May 2012 · LardoBalsamico · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Beşiktaş–Gençlerbirliği · 14 Mart 2009, şampiyonluk sezonu · Turklegend · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Şenol Güneş ve İskender Günen ile Trabzonspor kafilesi · arşiv fotoğrafı, çekim tarihi doğrulanamadı · User:Xonetik · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Galatasaray–Konyaspor · Ali Sami Yen, 2004 · Avrupa at en.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Beşiktaş’ın 2020/21 şampiyonluk sezonundaki stadı · 2021 · Erişim · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Türk futbolunun ortak geçmişinden · Türkiye–Romanya, Taksim Stadı, 26 Ekim 1923 · Fotoğrafçı bilinmiyor · Public domain · Original photograph

Galatasaray’ın UEFA Kupası yolculuğu · Leeds, 20 Nisan 2000 · John Seb Barber · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Original photograph

Lefter and Metin Oktay before kick-off · colourised archive photograph · Archive photograph · Photographer not credited · Source publication; no open licence stated · Original photograph

2000/01 · PSG–Galatasaray, Parc des Princes · 13 Mart 2001 · PSGMAG.NET · CC BY 2.0 · Original photograph

2006/07 · Fenerbahçe’nin şampiyonluk kutlaması · 2007 · Kızıl Şaman · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Original photograph

Trabzonspor · Başakşehir deplasmanı öncesinde, 2017 · senolsengul at Pixabay · CC0 · Original photograph

Ajax–Beşiktaş · Amsterdam, 28 Eylül 1966 · Fotograaf Onbekend / Anefo · Nationaal Archief · CC0 · Original photograph

Beşiktaş–Bursaspor · 11 Nisan 2016, VAR öncesi dönem · Sakhalinio · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

24 Ekim 2010 · Fenerbahçe–Galatasaray: 0–0 · Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadı · bixentro · CC BY 2.0 · Original photograph

2026/27 · ilk dokuz lig maçı · dört takımın devre gol ve xG karşılaştırması; All90 veri görseli · All90 · All90 · all rights reserved · Original photograph

Beşiktaş’ın 2010/11 Türkiye Kupası · 14 Ocak 2018’de çekilen kupa fotoğrafı · İbrahimferhadli · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

İnönü Stadyumu · İstanbul · 1967 · roger4336 · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Original photograph

Şükrü Saracoğlu · Istanbul · 2006 · Joel Takv · FAL · Original photograph

Hüseyin Avni Aker · Trabzon · 2006 · oytun serdar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Bursa Atatürk Stadium · Bursa · 2010 · Jarosław Baranowski · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Şenol Güneş Sports Complex · Trabzon · 2017 · Myrat · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Fatih Terim Stadium · Istanbul · 2017 · Sakhalinio · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Beşiktaş Park · İstanbul · 2021 · Accessed · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Ali Sami Yen Sports Complex · Istanbul · 2023 · Parlar · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Ali Sami Yen Stadium · Istanbul · 2006 · tekinim · CC BY 2.0 · Original photograph

Atatürk Olympic Stadium · Istanbul · 2009 · Bjørn Christian Tørrissen · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Lefter, Can Bartu and Şeref Has · 1960 · 1960 · Fenerbahçe Tarihi Çalışma Grubu · Public domain · Original photograph

Yüksel Gündüz · Fenerbahçe–Beşiktaş · 1960 · 1960 · Yavuz Atınç · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Bağdat Caddesi after the title win · 2014 · 2014 · E4024 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Championship flags · Ankara · 2017 · 2017 · E4024 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Galatasaray–Málaga stands · İzmir · 2013 · 2013 · Ultraslansi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Trabzonspor squad · 2017 · 2017 · senolsengul at Pixabay · CC0 · Original photograph

Ajax–Beşiktaş · Amsterdam · 1966 · 1966 · Fotograaf Onbekend / Anefo · Nationaal Archief · CC0 · Original photograph

Şeref Has · Fenerbahçe · 1960 · Fenerbahçe Tarihi Çalışma Grubu · Public domain · Original photograph

László Székely · Fenerbahçe coach · 1957 · HalitBaris · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Fenerbahçe squad · Schiphol · 1968 · Ron Kroon / Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Fenerbahçe supporters welcoming the squad · Schiphol · 1968 · Ron Kroon / Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Ajax–Fenerbahçe · Amsterdam · 1968 · Jack de Nijs for Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Fenerbahçe away in Europe · Amsterdam · 1968 · Jack de Nijs for Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Ajax–Fenerbahçe match · Amsterdam · 1968 · Jack de Nijs for Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Ajax–Fenerbahçe · match action · 1968 · Jack de Nijs for Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Ajax–Fenerbahçe · European Cup · 1968 · Jack de Nijs for Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Newcastle United–Fenerbahçe · St James’ Park · 2006 · Sefik Akkurt from LIVERPOOL-UK · CC0 · Original photograph

Fenerbahçe anniversary celebrations: 100 years · 2007 · Mertol Mutlutürk · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Original photograph

Fenerbahçe–Chelsea · Şükrü Saracoğlu · 2008 · Mark Freeman from Hornchurch, UK · CC BY 2.0 · Original photograph

Fenerbahçe–Galatasaray · Kadıköy · 2007 · Kızıl Şaman · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Original photograph

Fenerbahçe title celebrations · 2007 · 2007 · Kızıl Şaman · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Original photograph

Şükrü Saracoğlu · evening in Kadıköy · 2010 · bixentro · CC BY 2.0 · Original photograph

Ajax–Beşiktaş · Amsterdam · 1966 · Fotograaf Onbekend / Anefo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Beşiktaş in the European Cup · Amsterdam · 1966 · Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Ajax–Beşiktaş match action · 1966 · Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Beşiktaş away in Amsterdam · 1966 · Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Ajax–Beşiktaş · Olympic Stadium · 1966 · Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Beşiktaş stands · İnönü · 2006 · Math34 · Public domain · Original photograph

Beşiktaş–Liverpool · İnönü · 2007 · Omer Yesilyurt from Istambul, Turkey · CC BY 2.0 · Original photograph

Beşiktaş–Fenerbahçe · İnönü · 2004 · Umi1903 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Beşiktaş–Gençlerbirliği · title-winning season · 2009 · Turklegend · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Beşiktaş–Bursaspor · first match at the new ground · 2016 · Sakhalinio · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Beşiktaş squad · Monaco before the match · 2017 · senolsengul at Pixabay · CC0 · Original photograph

Metin Oktay · 1958 · 1958 · Harry Pot / Anefo · CC0 · Original photograph

Doğan Koloğlu · Galatasaray in the shirt of · 1950 · Türkspor Dergisi · Public domain · Original photograph

Galatasaray squad · 1913/14 · 1913 · The author, Cevat Çobanlı, died in 1938 · Public domain · Original photograph

Galatasaray and Slavia squads · 1925 · 1925 · Gol Spor Dergisi · Public domain · Original photograph

Galatasaray–Slavia Prag · captains · 1923 · The author, Cevat Çobanlı, died in 1938 · Public domain · Original photograph

Galatasaray–İstanbulspor · 1934 · 1934 · Cumhuriyet newspaper · Public domain · Original photograph

Galatasaray stands · derby day · 2007 · tekinim · CC BY 2.0 · Original photograph

Galatasaray–Konyaspor · Ali Sami Yen · 2004 · Avrupa at en.wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Galatasaray supporters · Taksim · 2005 · Miguel Angel Otero Soliño · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Galatasaray–Bayer Leverkusen · Ali Sami Yen · 2008 · qwl · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Frank Rijkaard · Galatasaray–Tobol · 2009 · Qwl · Public domain · Original photograph

Galatasaray–Hamburg · Ali Sami Yen · 2009 · Qwl · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Leeds United–Galatasaray · UEFA Cup semi-final · 2000 · John Seb Barber from Leeds, UK · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Original photograph

Galatasaray–Atlético Madrid · Ali Sami Yen · 2010 · Qwl · Public domain · Original photograph

Galatasaray–Fenerbahçe · Ali Sami Yen · 2007 · Qwl · Public domain · Original photograph

Galatasaray’ın lap of honour · 2008 · 2008 · Qwl · Public domain · Original photograph

Galatasaray’ın 2011/12 title celebrations · 2012 · LardoBalsamico · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Sneijder and Drogba · Real Madrid match · 2013 · Ultraslansi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Ali Sami Yen Sports Complex · stands · 2017 · 1886kusagi · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Fatih Terim · Galatasaray training · 2018 · Ирина Рыбакова · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Galatasaray–Atlético Madrid · İzmir · 2014 · Ultraslansi · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Galatasaray–Samsunspor · 10 Kasım tifo · 2024 · Vincent Vega · CC BY 4.0 · Original photograph

Galatasaray supporters · celebrations in Brussels · 2026 · Bdx · CC0 · Original photograph

İskender Günen and Şenol Güneş · Trabzonspor squad · 2014 · User:Xonetik · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original photograph

Trabzonspor–Galatasaray · Akyazı · 2017 · Myrat · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original photograph

Trabzonspor’s 1983/84 championship trophy · 2011 · Çalıştay · Public domain · Original photograph

Antalyaspor–Trabzonspor · title-winning season · 2021 · Antalyaspor A.Ş. · CC BY 2.0 · Original photograph

The four clubs · half-by-half comparison

2026/27 Süper Lig through 19 October 2026. Eight matches per club; 29 distinct games. Half-specific xG, shots, corners, passes, possession and discipline from Sahadan/Opta. Different xG models are not combined. Possession is the unweighted mean of half-specific percentages; other values are totals. Stoppage time stays in its own half.

2026-08-14 · Galatasaray – Çorum FK · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-08-16 · Beşiktaş – Eyüpspor · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-08-21 · Erzurumspor FK – Galatasaray · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-08-15 · Kasımpaşa – Trabzonspor · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-08-15 · Gençlerbirliği – Fenerbahçe · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-08-23 · Alanyaspor – Beşiktaş · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-08-22 · Fenerbahçe – Konyaspor · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-08-23 · Trabzonspor – İstanbul Başakşehir · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-08-29 · Galatasaray – Göztepe · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-08-30 · Samsunspor – Fenerbahçe · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-08-31 · Amed SFK – Trabzonspor · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-08-31 · Beşiktaş – Çorum FK · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-09-06 · Trabzonspor – Gençlerbirliği · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-09-04 · İstanbul Başakşehir – Galatasaray · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-09-05 · Fenerbahçe – Beşiktaş · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-09-11 · Beşiktaş – Erzurumspor FK · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-09-12 · Konyaspor – Trabzonspor · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-09-13 · Galatasaray – Kocaelispor · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-09-14 · Gaziantep FK – Fenerbahçe · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-09-19 · Trabzonspor – Galatasaray · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-09-20 · Amed SFK – Beşiktaş · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-09-20 · Fenerbahçe – Eyüpspor · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-10-09 · Galatasaray – Kasımpaşa · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-10-11 · Beşiktaş – Kocaelispor · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-10-10 · Samsunspor – Trabzonspor · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-10-10 · Çaykur Rizespor – Fenerbahçe · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-10-19 · Trabzonspor – Beşiktaş · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-10-17 · Gençlerbirliği – Galatasaray · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

2026-10-17 · Fenerbahçe – Alanyaspor · Half-specific statistics · TFF match record

Sources are grouped by topic. The main calculation rules are above; season-by-season coverage is on the Coverage page.

National team · 59 source links
League, cups and comparisons · 397 source links
European records · 135 source links
Articles · 82 source links
Club records · 609 source links
Player records · 119 source links
English source notes · 7 source links

Squad values and country-coefficient contributions

Squad values sum estimated player market values in Transfermarkt’s dated table. They are not wage budgets, transfer spending or accounting assets. Historical snapshots use 1 October, except 1 November 2010 for 2010/11 and 23 October 2014 for 2014/15. The current snapshot is dated 29 October 2026. We verified 68 values for the four clubs across 17 seasons from 2010/11 through 2026/27. The current 18-club comparison uses the visible current-value column checked on 29 October 2026; the dated column for that day was blank. Full-league axes include clubs valued below €100m. We retain the displayed €0.1m precision, leave unavailable dates empty and use nominal euros. Displaced crests are joined to their exact data coordinates by thin lines.

Each club’s association contribution is its eligible match and bonus points divided by that season’s entrant divisor. We sum five such seasons and divide by the country’s unrounded five-season total, preserving changes in entrant counts. The 18-club value comparison is available for the current period only. Non-entrants contribute zero; former entrants now outside the league remain in the association denominator, so these 18 clubs need not sum to 100%. Club-ranking coefficients and guaranteed minimum club points are not substituted. The displayed official total sums season coefficients truncated to three decimals; unrounded shares can create small last-decimal differences.

The 1999/2000–2026/27 season files support 24 rolling windows from 2003/04 to 2026/27. The latest season is unfinished. Historical value/performance relationships are descriptive, not causal or financial returns: market inflation, transfer timing and squad changes are not isolated.

Player photographs in games

We reused licensed archive photographs, cropped in the interface. A generic player symbol appears when a verified portrait is unavailable.